To maintain the quality of manuscripts and avoid plagiarism during the publication process, the editorial board sets out the Publication Ethics Guidelines for CURVE Journal. These ethics apply to authors, editors, reviewers, and journal managers.

Author Ethics

1. Reporting
   Authors must present the research process and results clearly, honestly, and completely, and store the research data properly and securely.

2. Originality and Plagiarism
   Authors must ensure that the submitted manuscript is an original work, written by the authors themselves, and not copied from other works or ideas. References must be cited properly.

3. Resubmission
   Authors must declare that the manuscript has not been previously submitted or published in any other journal. If double submission is detected, the editorial board has the right to reject the manuscript.

4. Author Status
   Authors must confirm that they have the expertise relevant to the subject of the manuscript. The submitting author acts as the corresponding author and is responsible for communication during the publication process.

5. Manuscript Errors
   If any errors are found (such as in names, affiliations, citations, etc.), the author must immediately inform the editor for correction.

6. Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest
   Authors must understand and comply with publication ethics to avoid any potential conflicts of interest.

Editorial Ethics

1. Publication Decision
   Editors are responsible for deciding whether a manuscript is accepted or rejected, based on an objective, transparent, and fair review process.

2. Publication Information
   Editors must ensure that author guidelines and publication procedures are accessible and understandable, both in print and online.

3. Distribution of Manuscripts to Reviewers
   Editors must assign appropriate reviewers and provide clear review instructions.

4. Objectivity and Neutrality
   Editors must be impartial and fair, without discrimination based on gender, background, religion, race, or nationality.

5. Confidentiality
   Editors are required to maintain confidentiality of manuscript data and author identities.

6. Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest
   Editors must avoid any potential conflicts of interest in the editorial and publishing process.

Reviewer Ethics

1. Objectivity and Neutrality
   Reviewers must be fair, objective, and committed to scientific accuracy, regardless of personal or external factors.

2. Clarity of References
   Reviewers must ensure that all references are appropriate and credible. Any issues should be reported to the editor for correction.

3. Review Effectiveness
   Reviewers must respond to review assignments within the given timeframe (maximum of 2 weeks), or notify the editor if more time is needed.

4. Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest
   Reviewers must understand and follow publication ethics to prevent any conflict of interest during the review process.

Ethics for Journal Managers

1. Decision Making
   Journal managers must clearly define the journal’s mission and objectives and implement policies independently and professionally.

2. Professional Freedom
   Journal managers should provide freedom for editors and reviewers to work professionally and respect authors' privacy.

3. Protection and Promotion
   Journal managers must protect intellectual property rights and manage funding transparently. They are also responsible for promoting published works.

4. Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest
   Journal managers must uphold publication ethics and avoid conflicts of interest to ensure smooth and ethical publishing operations.