KESENJANGAN HUKUM DALAM PENGATURAN KONTEN DIGITAL DAN KEBEBASAN BEREKSPRESI DI ERA PLATFORM MEDIA SOSIAL

Abstrak

This research aims to identify legal gaps in the ITE Law and its 
derivative regulations, analyze their impact on the chilling effect, 
the criminalization of digital expression, and the dominance of 
foreign platform privacy policies. It also formulates 
recommendations for regulatory reform that are more 
proportional, transparent, and in line with international human 
rights standards. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with a 
literature review, this research utilizes primary legal sources (the 
1945 Constitution, Law No. 1 of 2024, Minister of 
Communication and Information Regulation No. 5 of 2020, 
Constitutional Court Decision No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023) and 
secondary literature from scientific articles, government reports, 
and recent studies on the implementation of the ITE Law on 
social media platforms. The results reveal unclear norms, a lack 
of synchronization between national regulations and global 
standards, excessive discretion by officials and platforms, and a 
lag in regulations regarding algorithms and AI, which 
cumulatively trigger self-censorship, increase the criminalization 
of criticism, and weaken digital democracy. The research 
recommends reformulating the multi-interpretable articles, 
implementing the principles of proportionality and due process 
of law, requiring platforms to be transparent in content 
moderation, and establishing a multi-stakeholder forum to 
ensure a democratic digital ecosystem aligned with Pancasila 
values in the era of national digital transformation.